[R-G] Radical Left, Iran's Last Legal Dissidents, Until Now

[Yoshie Furuhashi]

<http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/20/world/middleeast/20iran.html>
January 20, 2008
Radical Left, Iran's Last Legal Dissidents, Until Now
By NAZILA FATHI

TEHRAN — In early December, a surprising scene unfolded at Tehran
University: 500 Marxist students held aloft portraits of Che Guevara
to protest President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's policies. Smaller groups of
Marxist students held similar protests in several other cities.

Political protest has been harshly suppressed under the current
Iranian government, especially dissent linked to the West. But the
radical left, despite its antireligious and antigovernment message,
has been permitted relative freedom. This may be, analysts say,
because, like the government, it rejects the liberal reform movement
and attacks the West.

"The government practically permitted the left to operate starting
five years ago so that they would confront religious liberals," said
Saeed Leylaz, a political analyst in Tehran. "But that led to the
spread of a new virus."

In recent weeks, the leaders of the Marxist student movement have been
arrested, suggesting that the government is worrying about the size of
the demonstrations and the growing attraction of an ideology that is
deeply antithetical to its own.

Morad Saghafi, a political analyst and the editor in chief of Goftegoo
magazine, said that it was not so strange that there were leftists but
that it was significant that they were radical leftists.

"They are showing a kind of radicalism to reform, religion and the
current situation," he said.

Even some of those who object to President Ahmadinejad say permitting
the growth of Marxist student movements is dangerous.

For example, former President Mohammad Khatami, a moderate by Iranian
standards, recently raised concern over the growth of leftists at
universities. He drew a comparison with the struggles before the 1979
revolution and said after the shah's government had banned religious
groups, leftist groups encouraged armed struggle against him,
according to the news agency ISNA.

Leftist students use an anti-imperialist discourse toward the United
States and say they have no plans to overthrow the Iranian government.
But they refer to the government as a capitalist regime and condemn
pro-democracy politicians who support change as "bourgeois."

In a leftist publication called Khak, meaning earth, a member who was
jailed wrote in an editorial in May, "In this leftist movement we need
to move based on the ideas of Marx, Engels and Lenin." Marxists need
"grass-roots and radical social movements," he emphasized.

Another member, a woman who has an anonymous blog at
faaryaad.blogfa.com (faaryaad means shout), writes "Reform died, long
live revolution."

One leader, who spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of government
reprisal, said, "We think the regime is a capitalist regime and Mr.
Ahmadinejad is a true fascist."

Members are atheists and attack poverty in Iran as well as other
countries, including the West. They consider no socialist country
their role model, oppose pro-democracy students and accuse them of
trying to reform a system that cannot be reformed.

Yet they have no specific agenda for change and seem almost nihilistic at times.

"We don't think we can change anything in the near future," said a
22-year-old student at Tehran University and member of a group called
the Radical Marxists, who asked not to be identified. "But as students
we think we can transfer our knowledge about class, capitalism and
equality to society, especially the workers."

Another member, Shahin, 21, who said his father was also a Marxist and
was executed by the government in 1988, said the students ultimately
want "free education, free health care and higher salaries for
workers."

Analysts familiar with them said leftist student groups began to
emerge in the early 2000s when the democracy movement was suffering
setbacks and many of their supporters were becoming disillusioned.

The government ignored the leftist students until December when the
government began cracking down on their leaders.

As in many countries, a majority of intellectuals in Iran has been
influenced by Marxist ideas since the 19th century. Much of the
literature written since then is closely interwoven with leftist
notions. However, Marxists never gained power here. They played an
important role in the success of the 1979 revolution but they were
soon marginalized by the Islamists and their members were forced into
exile. Many were executed in 1988.

Authorities allowed all of Marx's books to be published after the fall
of the Soviet Union in 1991. Leftist books sell very well these days,
one bookstore said. The store said the most popular books were those
about the Confederation of Iranian Students, the most active organized
opposition during the two decades before the 1979 revolution. Many of
its members were influenced by leftist ideas.

Now, once again, it appears the government has decided to suppress the
left. The number of arrests has reached 40 and those detained remain
in the notorious Evin prison.

At least three Marxist groups operate at the universities around Iran.
The Radical Marxists have the most supporters, according to students.
The other two organizations are workers groups.

The 22-year-old Radical Marxists member said that she had rejected
Iran's laws against women when she was 7 and had to wear the Islamic
hood known as a maghnaeh to cover her hair for the first time. "In
religion class, we always got angry as women when we read in the books
that the head of the family is the man," she said.

Reza Sharifi, 34, the leader of the youth branch of Mosharekat, a
party that seeks change, said it was hard for the government to
suppress Marxist students at the same time it was seeking better
relations with leftist leaders worldwide.

"The government paved the way for leftist movements in the country
when its best friends became Castro and Chávez," he said, referring to
Fidel Castro of Cuba and Hugo Chávez of Venezuela.

"The whole idea was that any country that was against America was on
our side," he said. "As a result, all communist leaders became the
Islamic Republic's best friends."

--
Yoshie
<http://montages.blogspot.com/>